Chris O'Connell, Mikandi In the popular imagination, the eternal trope is that the porn industry drives the adoption of new technology; that it accounts for some …Jul 13, 2020 · These included ‘lesbian’, ‘hentai’, ‘milf’ and ‘step mom’. 2018 saw the proportion of female visitors to Pornhub grow to 29%, an increase of 3 percentage points over 2017. the average worldwide Pornhub user now being aged 35.5 years old. Together, millennials aged 18 to 34 remained as 61% of Pornhub’s traffic. Porn producers that create and sell their own content (e.g. Brazzers) Adult marketplaces (e.g. Kinkie) Personal porn star companies (e.g. Ariana Marie’s official …Malayalam softcore pornography was a popular genre of softcore pornography produced in the Indian state of Kerala in the Malayalam language.Popularly known as Mallu porn films or B-grade films, they are mostly recognized as low-quality films with fairly low budgets.They emerged alongside mainstream Malayalam cinema of Kerala in the 1980s.. Adipapam …Contact the HR department for pornography production companies and inquire about current fluffer positions. Adult entertainment casting agencies often recruit fluffers for a variet...The Ukrainian Angels Studio was established with the purpose of creating illegal photographic collections of underage girls and publishing them through various websites. In July 20...10 hours ago · A producer involved in some of Japan’s highest-grossing anime blockbusters was arrested in Tokyo this week on suspicion of creating child pornography. Koichiro Ito, 52, stands accused of ... Jan 10, 2023 ... In this episode of the L3 Leadership podcast, Joshua Broome talks about how he ended up working in the porn industry, when he realized it ...When Oprah Winfrey's show started to become a hit, she started earning more, but her producers did not. Here's how she fixed that. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newslett...Now on a crusade to shake up the pornography industry for good, Lust is in the process of gathering a global community of female adult filmmakers who are more …Oct 13, 2023 · 1. MindGeek / Aylo 2. WGCZ Holdings 3. Larry Flynt Publications 4. Playboy Enterprises / PLBY Group 5. Hammy Media Limited 6. Core Magazine 7. AVN Media Network 8. Hokuto Corporation / DMM.com 9. Vivid Entertainment 10. Gamma Entertainment Malayalam softcore pornography was a popular genre of softcore pornography produced in the Indian state of Kerala in the Malayalam language.Popularly known as Mallu porn films or B-grade films, they are mostly recognized as low-quality films with fairly low budgets.They emerged alongside mainstream Malayalam cinema of Kerala in the 1980s.. Adipapam …A handful of pornography producers are being accused of racketeering, fraud, defamation and other charges in connection to their BitTorrent online litigation trolling strategies. The program is ...Oct 1, 2021 · Cissy Steele et al. was filed, ushering in a wave of lawsuits against the exploitative pornography industry and turning the tide against the commercial sex industry overall. Jane Doe v. Cissty Steele et al. has inspired a tidal wave of lawsuits against pornography producers, with more expected to come. This civil case was jointly filed by the ... Satan's Baby Doll. The Satisfiers of Alpha Blue. Savage Fury. Scandale (film) Sesso nero. Sex with a Stranger. The Sins of Ilsa. A Summer in the Country.Aug 19, 2013 · The global leaders in porn are the U.S, taking a 60 per cent share of global internet pornography, Two thirds of all U.S porn sites are hosted in California with the country hosting a total of 4.2 ... Child pornography producers and distributors are often targeted by federal, state and local law enforcement agencies in sting operations. Police may make deals not to pursue individuals who are found in possession of child pornography in order to get evidence to apprehend a producer or distributor of child pornography. The producers and consumers of child pornography operate in the shadows, and anonymous Internet networks such as Tor often allow them to carry out their illicit activities without fear of being ...Contact the HR department for pornography production companies and inquire about current fluffer positions. Adult entertainment casting agencies often recruit fluffers for a variet...In this guide, we give you a rundown on how to get into porn – whether as an actor, producer or cameraman. We’ll also give you the best agencies, studios and …Apr 15, 2015 · Advertisement. "We could take down up to 5,000 videos a day, but on the average we end up with 1,000, 1,500 a day," explains Rafael Santos, Brasileirinhas' head of programming. Rafael reveals it's ... The producers and consumers of child pornography operate in the shadows, and anonymous Internet networks such as Tor often allow them to carry out their illicit activities without fear of being ...Hello, friends, and welcome to Daily Crunch, bringing you the most important startup, tech and venture capital news in a single package. To get a roundup of TechCrunch’s biggest an...People are always looking for the best way to keep their produce fresh longer, and some companies make plastic storage containers that claim to do that. But they aren’t cheap. And ...If you're looking to get more of a specific vitamin or mineral in your diet, or you're wondering what types of produce will help you get which types of nutrients (and what those nu...In the United States, child pornography laws do not apply to drawings, cartoons, sculptures, and paintings of minors in sexual situations under 18 U.S.C. § 2256. However, they remain subject to obscenity laws if they do not pass the Miller test and are potentially illegal under 18 U.S.C. § 1466A. The subgenres have also been made illegal in ...CONVERSE, Texas – The Judson Independent School District said one of its now-former district employees was arrested at his home on child pornography charges.. …The ads turned out to be from the producers of GirlsDoPorn, who were seeking women to make so-called amateur pornography, which often features fresh-faced actresses paired with seasoned male ...List of pornography companies This list includes companies which produce, distribute or promote pornography. Active independently Active as subsidiary Defunct and no longer active See also List of film production companies List of pornographic film studios List of pornographic film directors List of pornographic magazines MindGeek References A bill recently approved by the Utah State Legislature and signed by Gov. Gary Herbert allows families with minors who are emotionally or psychologically injured by pornography to file a lawsuit ...The term " Golden Age of Porn ", or " porno chic ", refers to a 15-year period (1969–1984) in commercial American pornography, in which sexually explicit films experienced positive attention from mainstream cinemas, movie critics, and the general public. [1] [2] This American period, which had subsequently spread internationally, [3] and that ... May 10, 2022 ... Joshua Broome spent years of his young adult life working in the pornography industry. He has a stunning testimony of salvation & redemption ...Child pornography (also called CP, child sexual abuse material, [1] CSAM, [2] child porn, or kiddie porn) is a type of erotic material that depicts persons under the age of 18. The precise characteristics of what constitutes child pornography varies by criminal jurisdiction. [3] [4] Pages in category "Japanese pornographic film studios". The following 35 pages are in this category, out of 35 total. This list may not reflect recent changes .The Department of Justice has made several major busts related to child pornography producers under Barr’s leadership. In October, the department arrested more than 300 people in connection to ...A producer involved in some of Japan’s highest-grossing anime blockbusters was arrested in Tokyo this week on suspicion of creating child pornography. Koichiro Ito, 52, stands accused of ...Nov 17, 2014 · Although the term pornography was originally associated with the writings and portrayals of prostitutes, the explicit adult films of the 1980s–1990s showed two distinct patterns: (1) women directors using the formulaic approach of male directors of the same era (Britton 1993); and (2) films directed and produced by, for and from a woman's ... Oct 11, 2019 · Significant criminal charges have not been brought by federal authorities against pornography producers for more than a decade. In 2008, Paul F. Little was sentenced to 46 months in jail after ... Sep 27, 2023 · Judges in France are investigating several cases against producers of pornography. In one case involving a French pornography website, 17 men are to face trial for rape, group rape and human ... Consent verification methods in the pornography industry include anything from taking a photo with a username written on a body part, to taking a photo with a driver's license, to signing ...May 13, 2020 ... Is there a porn industry in Sweden? If so, who are the pimps behind ... pornography industry. Talita is an NGO providing support to women ...Oct 15, 2015 · Colin Rowntree, a porn producer, director, distributor, and member of the Adult Video News Hall of Fame, was a just mid-level player, and in those days, he and his wife, Angie, earned millions ... Porn actresses take a break at the Venus erotic fair in Berlin. ( Fabrizio Bensch / Reuters) April 4, 2016. Humans have been creating images of sex and genitalia …Sep 30, 2020 · The Cissy Steel lawsuit is the first federal lawsuit against a pornography producer and online pornography website for federal anti-trafficking violations. We hope this lawsuit and many others like it will hold pornography producers and internet pornography providers accountable for the damage, abuse, and exploitation of the untold numbers of ... Child pornography is illegal in most countries, but there is substantial variation in definitions, categories, penalties, and interpretations of laws. Differences include the definition of "child" under the laws, which can vary with the age of sexual consent; the definition of "child pornography" itself, for example on the basis of medium or degree of …List of pornography companies This list includes companies which produce, distribute or promote pornography. Active independently Active as subsidiary Defunct and no longer active See also List of film production companies List of pornographic film studios List of pornographic film directors List of pornographic magazines MindGeek References Satan's Baby Doll. The Satisfiers of Alpha Blue. Savage Fury. Scandale (film) Sesso nero. Sex with a Stranger. The Sins of Ilsa. A Summer in the Country.— A Randolph County man has been charged with two counts of possession of child pornography. One of the counts filed Tuesday in Randolph Circuit Court against …The producers and consumers of child pornography operate in the shadows, and anonymous Internet networks such as Tor often allow them to carry out their illicit activities without fear of being ...CrashPad Series. From Bradbury: “ Crash Pad Series is a queer, non-binary, and female-focused studio with authentic, playful, genuine connections and sexual expression with a diverse array of ...Nice Jewish girls and boys. Jews accounted for most of the leading male performers as well as a sizeable number of female stars in porn movies of the 1970s and ʻ80s. The doyen of the Hebrew studs ...For the majority of its producers and consumers, pornography functions as entertainment rather than art. This paper draws on my recent work mapping out entertainment as an area of study (for the ...SACRAMENTO, Calif. — On Feb. 15, 2024, a federal grand jury returned an indictment against Kyle Travis Colton, 36, of Citrus Heights, charging him with receipt of …Pages in category "American gay pornographic film studios". The following 20 pages are in this category, out of 20 total. This list may not reflect recent changes . This is a limited view of pornography because it does not account for how women themselves, whether as actors, consumers, or producers, play with and learn from the language of sexuality on screen. Moreover, male fantasy is worth studying in itself for what it reveals about the status of women and the formation of men. The results can be ...Child pornography (also called CP, child sexual abuse material, [1] CSAM, [2] child porn, or kiddie porn) is a type of erotic material that depicts persons under the age of 18. The precise characteristics of what constitutes child pornography varies by criminal jurisdiction. [3] [4] Most porn is viewed on easily accessible “tube sites,” such as YouPorn, RedTube, XVideos, and Pornhub. These work on the same model as YouTube: they are …Feminist pornography. Feminist pornography is a genre of film developed by or for those within the sex-positive feminist movement. It was created for the purpose of promoting gender equality by portraying more bodily movements and sexual fantasies of women and members of the LGBT community. [1]Pornography Producers Are Sexual Exploiters. Whether or not there is a contract in place, the sexual exploitation and abuse that comes from pornography production studios and internet pornography providers is degrading, traumatizing, and crippling. These abusive companies know they are profiting off of the sexual exploitation …6 hours ago · Japanese Anime Producer Behind ‘Suzume’ and ‘Your Name’ Arrested for Child Pornography. Koichiro Ito is accused of asking a 15-year-old girl to send him nude photos in September 2021 ... As the gay pornography industry has grown, so have unique jobs related to the production and distribution. The gay pornography industry diversified steadily during the 1990s. In 1989, director Kristen Bjorn started a pornographic business which was considered as setting a standard for gay pornography producers.Japanese Anime Producer Behind ‘Suzume’ and ‘Your Name’ Arrested for Child Pornography. Koichiro Ito is accused of asking a 15-year-old girl to send him nude …Wright and Funk note that there are pornography producers who create egalitarian fare. They add that they don’t support censorship of pornographic material. Rather, they write, the public needs ...People are always looking for the best way to keep their produce fresh longer, and some companies make plastic storage containers that claim to do that. But they aren’t cheap. And ...Porn producers can "shame people because the mere fact that you were watching porn can be used against you," says Jef Pearlman, an expert on intellectual property law at USC's law school ...Now on a crusade to shake up the pornography industry for good, Lust is in the process of gathering a global community of female adult filmmakers who are more …Chris O'Connell, Mikandi In the popular imagination, the eternal trope is that the porn industry drives the adoption of new technology; that it accounts for some …Focusing for the first time on the consumers of adult pornography, this Act marked a significant shift from the dominant obscenity-based approach targeting producers and distributors. 1 Introduced in response to growing concerns over both the ease of access to pornography, and its violent content, the new law proved contentious from the …C. Jean-Daniel Cadinot. Greg Centauro. Pierre Chevalier (director) Christoph Clark.June 28, 2018. Silence falls on set as filmmaker Daniella Vale brings her hand to her chin in a display of focused contemplation, or maybe it's nerves. The New-York-City-based 30-year-old is ...Pornography-producers, movie-makers, and owners of various franchises depend on mild to highly erotic images to sell their products. With an obvious motive for promoting a no-harm image, such businessmen minimize the negative effects of pornography on consumers. For those who are trying to understand pornography, it can be a …Discover some of the best Studios and Adult Film Producers in our global adult business directory.10 hours ago · A producer involved in some of Japan’s highest-grossing anime blockbusters was arrested in Tokyo this week on suspicion of creating child pornography. Koichiro Ito, 52, stands accused of ... The intent here is to prevent pornography producers from skirting the law by creating life-like artificial images that are erotic in nature. Advertisement - story continues below. Schroder noted when he was a kid, pornography was available through magazines, and he first saw it at too young an age (9 years old), but said the internet has made ...Dec 7, 2019 · 12/7/2019. Print. Four Republican lawmakers sent a letter to Attorney General William Barr to urge him to take action against producers and distributors of obscene pornography. The letter ... Kouichirou Itou, producer of some of the biggest anime films, including Makoto Shinkai's Suzume, your name. (Your Name) and Weathering With You, has been …Jun 29, 2017 · A bill recently approved by the Utah State Legislature and signed by Gov. Gary Herbert allows families with minors who are emotionally or psychologically injured by pornography to file a lawsuit ... Taki and Mitsuha are the two main characters in the animated film ‘Your Name’ directed by Makoto Shinkai. Producer Koichiro Ito, who took part in the production of this film, was arrested on charges of breaking the law prohibiting child prostitution and pornography. /Film keeps cutting. A male producer in his 50s who took part in the ...Pages in category "German pornographic film producers" The following 9 pages are in this category, out of 9 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. B. Andreas Bethmann; Hans Billian; Dolly Buster; H. Steve Holmes (actor) M. Harry S. Morgan; Hans Moser (director) O. Teresa Orlowski; T.Pornography producers
The producers and consumers of child pornography operate in the shadows, and anonymous Internet networks such as Tor often allow them to carry out their illicit activities without fear of being ...Sep 30, 2020 · The Cissy Steel lawsuit is the first federal lawsuit against a pornography producer and online pornography website for federal anti-trafficking violations. We hope this lawsuit and many others like it will hold pornography producers and internet pornography providers accountable for the damage, abuse, and exploitation of the untold numbers of ... According to Wondracek et al.’s analysis of the economy of online porn sites, 9 out of 10 are “free” sites that host image or video galleries and make money by directing traffic to pay sites ...Aug 18, 2023 ... ... porn countries of the world. #countries with most porn view. #most porn watching countries. #these 5 porn countries. #which countries produce ...Help Subcategories This category has the following 15 subcategories, out of 15 total. A American pornographic film producers (91 P) B British pornographic film producers (10 P) C Canadian pornographic film producers (5 P) Czech pornographic film producers (2 P) F Finnish pornographic film producers (1 P) Pages in category "German pornographic film producers" The following 9 pages are in this category, out of 9 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. B. Andreas Bethmann; Hans Billian; Dolly Buster; H. Steve Holmes (actor) M. Harry S. Morgan; Hans Moser (director) O. Teresa Orlowski; T.Porn producers can "shame people because the mere fact that you were watching porn can be used against you," says Jef Pearlman, an expert on intellectual property law at USC's law school ...May 10, 2022 ... Joshua Broome spent years of his young adult life working in the pornography industry. He has a stunning testimony of salvation & redemption ...Japanese Anime Producer Behind ‘Suzume’ and ‘Your Name’ Arrested for Child Pornography. Koichiro Ito is accused of asking a 15-year-old girl to send him nude photos in September 2021 ...For the majority of its producers and consumers, pornography functions as entertainment rather than art. This paper draws on my recent work mapping out entertainment as an area of study (for the ...Sep 18, 2013 · Wright and Funk note that there are pornography producers who create egalitarian fare. They add that they don’t support censorship of pornographic material. Rather, they write, the public needs ... CONVERSE, Texas – The Judson Independent School District said one of its now-former district employees was arrested at his home on child pornography charges.. …The words to Pornography crystallized in a hallucinatory haze, as Smith ambled around London with narcotics as company. But before the band could record, Smith sought the right personnel. He met with different producers, consciously steering away from Mike Hedges who had technically overseen the band’s three prior albums.Child pornography producers and distributors are often targeted by federal, state and local law enforcement agencies in sting operations. Police may make deals not to pursue individuals who are found in possession of child pornography in order to get evidence to apprehend a producer or distributor of child pornography. Actors who exploit ...Help Subcategories This category has the following 15 subcategories, out of 15 total. A American pornographic film producers (91 P) B British pornographic film producers (10 P) C Canadian pornographic film producers (5 P) Czech pornographic film producers (2 P) F Finnish pornographic film producers (1 P) Wright and Funk note that there are pornography producers who create egalitarian fare. They add that they don’t support censorship of pornographic material. Rather, they write, the public needs ...With Science Projects for Kids: Producing Sounds you'll discover why and how sound happens. Join us and have lots of fun while you're learning. Advertisement Science Projects for K...List of pornography companies This list includes companies which produce, distribute or promote pornography. Active independently Active as subsidiary Defunct and no longer active See also List of film production companies List of pornographic film studios List of pornographic film directors List of pornographic magazines MindGeek References A talent-centric agency we have bringing the biggest names into the business and managing their careers to the top status of adult film stars, porn personalities and influencers. There …Pages in category "Japanese pornographic film studios". The following 35 pages are in this category, out of 35 total. This list may not reflect recent changes .The ensuing decades, of course, have proven him incontrovertibly wrong: Pornography in the U.S. has grown from a $1 billion annual industry to a $10-to-$12 billion industry, and the Internet has ...porn producers and businessmen: She is founder and CEO of Danni's Hard Drive, regarded as one of the most popular porn sites on the Internet. Her site offers only softcore …Ross A. Lincoln. Koichiro Ito the Japanese anime producer behind “Your Name” and “Suzume” among other films, was arrested on Wednesday on suspicion of soliciting child pornography ...Advertisement. "We could take down up to 5,000 videos a day, but on the average we end up with 1,000, 1,500 a day," explains Rafael Santos, Brasileirinhas' head of programming. Rafael reveals it's ...By Bob Jack. Feb. 22, 2017. The Russian government’s recent battle against online porn has electrified our country’s social networks. But much to the disappointment of the global porn industry ...The words to Pornography crystallized in a hallucinatory haze, as Smith ambled around London with narcotics as company. But before the band could record, Smith sought the right personnel. He met with different producers, consciously steering away from Mike Hedges who had technically overseen the band’s three prior albums.List of pornographic performers by decade. List of pornographic magazines. List of pornographic film directors. List of pornography companies. Nov 9, 2021 ... ... pornography actor 48:36 What precautions does the pornography industry take? ... Ex Porn Star Turned Preacher Exposes the TRUTH About the Porn ...In these excerpts from their extended interviews with FRONTLINE, Sam Agboola and Danni Ashe of Danni's Hard Drive, Jim Coles of Larry Flynt Publications, and Bill Asher, …The legality of pornography varies from country to country. In the United States, generally people can purchase or access pornographic materials legally. That being said, it is illegal to knowingly distribute pornography to minors under 18 U.S.C. §1470. Further, under 18 U.S. Code § 1466A, it is illegal to knowingly produce, distribute ... People are always looking for the best way to keep their produce fresh longer, and some companies make plastic storage containers that claim to do that. But they aren’t cheap. And ...Ybarra et al., 2011. found 15% of youth aged 12 to 17 years reported intentional pornography exposure in the past year. A U.S. study of nearly 1,000 adolescents reported that 66% of males and 39% of females had viewed online pornography (. Short et al., 2012.Introduction. Concern about children’s use of pornography has a long history that extends back to the Victorian era [].However, the rise of Internet pornography has given new urgency to this issue, presumably because of the increased anonymity, affordability, and accessibility [2,3] that it is said to provide [].In our current age, popular …Now on a crusade to shake up the pornography industry for good, Lust is in the process of gathering a global community of female adult filmmakers who are more …He pleaded guilty Aug. 24, 2022, in federal court. On Jan. 23, he was sentenced in federal court for possession of child pornography by U.S. District Judge …Help Subcategories This category has the following 15 subcategories, out of 15 total. A American pornographic film producers (91 P) B British pornographic film producers (10 P) C Canadian pornographic film producers (5 P) Czech pornographic film producers (2 P) F Finnish pornographic film producers (1 P) Sure you may prefer your iPhone to be naked and avoid gaudy covers but you might like having a bit more grip than the surfaces of the iPhone normally provide. Instructables user ti...filmmaking. 0 references. pornography industry. 0 references. female form of label ... Category:Pornographic film producers. 0 references. Sitelinks. Wikipedia(0 ...Jun 20, 2011 ... Talking about it is the first step widely recognized by every kind of recovery group that deals with porn and addiction. Pornography will not be ...Jul 2, 2020 · To further the conversation, let’s examine the evolution of pornography. Porn — Prehistory to the 1860s: Early pornography was limited to cave art, artistic drawings, decorative pottery, and ... Pornography Time Statistics: Every second – $3,075.64 is being spent on pornography: Every second – 28,258 Internet users are viewing pornography ... Top Video Porn Producers: Top US Erotica Important …Producers are being sued for threatening to reveal the identities of people who download pornography. The World welcomes a new co-host The World, public radio’s longest-running daily global news program, announces that correspondent Carolyn Beeler becomes co-host of the program beginning Jan. 16.Want to know how much power solar panels really produce? Our guide will show you how to calculate a solar panel’s energy output and efficiency for your needs. Expert Advice On Impr...The intent here is to prevent pornography producers from skirting the law by creating life-like artificial images that are erotic in nature. Advertisement - story continues below. Schroder noted when he was a kid, pornography was available through magazines, and he first saw it at too young an age (9 years old), but said the internet has made ...Oct 13, 2023 · 1. MindGeek / Aylo 2. WGCZ Holdings 3. Larry Flynt Publications 4. Playboy Enterprises / PLBY Group 5. Hammy Media Limited 6. Core Magazine 7. AVN Media Network 8. Hokuto Corporation / DMM.com 9. Vivid Entertainment 10. Gamma Entertainment Now on a crusade to shake up the pornography industry for good, Lust is in the process of gathering a global community of female adult filmmakers who are more …In the United States, child pornography laws do not apply to drawings, cartoons, sculptures, and paintings of minors in sexual situations under 18 U.S.C. § 2256. However, they remain subject to obscenity laws if they do not pass the Miller test and are potentially illegal under 18 U.S.C. § 1466A. The subgenres have also been made illegal in ...Help Subcategories This category has the following 15 subcategories, out of 15 total. A American pornographic film producers (90 P) B British pornographic film producers …The separation of prostitution and pornography found in many legal systems, and in pop culture representations, is flawed. •. Pornography can be better understood as a form of prostitution. •. Academic literature on the harms of pornography has tended to focus on harms related to consumption rather than production. •.In science, a producer is an autotrophic organism that can be consumed by another organism as a source of food. The classification of producer can also be used for organisms that c...List of pornographic performers by decade. List of pornographic magazines. List of pornographic film directors. List of pornography companies. Porn actresses take a break at the Venus erotic fair in Berlin. ( Fabrizio Bensch / Reuters) April 4, 2016. Humans have been creating images of sex and genitalia …The 34-year-old former county HR director faces four counts of possession of child pornography and four counts of sexual exploitation of a child. According to the …7. XConfessions. On XConfessions, acclaimed filmmaker Erica Lust turns two user-submitted confessions, real life stories or fantasies into short erotic films,with lovely production values, fleshed ...Porn producers can "shame people because the mere fact that you were watching porn can be used against you," says Jef Pearlman, an expert on intellectual property law at USC's law school ...Dec 6, 2019 · The task force, founded in 2005 under the George W. Bush administration, was responsible for invesitgating and prosecuting producers of hard core pornography under obscentiy laws. Jun 27, 2023 · The porn industry is worth approximately $97 billion. $10 to $12 billion of the porn industry’s revenue came from the United States. XVideos receives the most number of monthly views at 2.9 billion. It is believed that Sex.com is the first porn website, being registered at 1994. 4% of the entire internet consists of porn. . Best dating apps for relationship