FRBK: Get the latest Republic First Bancorp stock price and detailed information including FRBK news, historical charts and realtime prices. Indices Commodities Currencies Stocks The United States is a constitutional federal republic, in which the president (the head of state and head of government ), Congress, and judiciary share powers reserved to the national government, and the federal government shares sovereignty with the state governments. The federal government is divided into three branches, as per the specific ... By the way, America is the whole continent; the subdivisions are only for the sake of geographic or geological study, but the continental plate is America. Every time we, people who live in any place besides the United States of America, feel embarrassed when we hear about "being American is", "the spirit of America is", and such utterances.Early America’s foremost Renaissance man, Benjamin Franklin was a skilled author, printer, scientist, inventor and diplomat, despite a formal education that ended at age 10. When not designing ...Yes, it is. By Ron Elving. Published September 10, 2022 at 5:00 AM EDT. Evan Vucci. / AP. Silhouettes of people are seen on an American flag as President Joe …His answer was: "A republic, if you can keep it." The brevity of that response should not cause us to under-value its essential meaning: democratic republics are not merely founded upon the consent of the people, they are also absolutely dependent upon the active and informed involvement of the people for their continued good health.America is a Republic, Not a Democracy. October 6, 2020. Adam Johnston. “It has been said that democracy is the worst form of Government except for all those other forms that have been tried from time to time.” —Winston Churchill. “Show me what democracy looks like! This is what democracy looks like!” —Present Day Mob.A constitutional republic is a form of government in which a representative is elected by the people to govern over them, according to the rules established in the law of the land. An example of a constitutional republic is the United States’ form of government. U.S. citizens elect a President, and other representatives, who then govern them ...The U.S. has been designated as a very high-risk country, requiring proof of vaccination for travelers. Two months later, the U.S. is back on the Czech Republic's list of very high...Jan 14, 2024 ... America is a constitutional republic. Ayn Rand explains the difference between a republic and a democracy. Learn more about Rand's view of ...The United States of America is, arguably, both a republic and a democracy. Its government officially acts in the interests of the American people, and the vast majority of national political offices are filled through elections. However, it is also a Federal government: while the government of the United States has power over the entire ...Grammar & Usage Commonly Confused. Democracy or Republic: What's the difference? A case can be made for either. Is the United States a democracy or a republic? This is …The United States, like most modern nations, is neither a pure republic nor a pure democracy. Instead, it is a hybrid democratic republic. The main difference …The Federal Government is composed of three distinct branches: legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are vested by the U.S. Constitution in the Congress, the President, and the ...There is, it turns out, an easy answer at hand. While there is no precise end date to the Republic, there was a bright-line occurrence generally recognized as the irreversible beginning of the end ...Hilton has announced that the Zemi Miches All-Inclusive Resort, Curio Collection will open for guests in 2024 in the Dominican Republic. We may be compensated when you click on pro...Colonial America (1607-1754) Unit 3. The road to revolution (1754-1800) Unit 4. The early republic (1800-1848) Unit 5. The Civil War era (1844-1877) Unit 6. The Gilded Age (1865-1898) ... The society of the South in the early republic (Opens a modal) Practice. Culture and reform in the early nineteenth century Get 3 of 4 questions to level up ...The Difference Between a Democracy and a Republic. Robert George 5-Minute Videos Oct 04, 2021. 375.3k. If you ask Americans to name their country’s form of government, most of them will say they live in a democracy. However, the real answer is more complicated (and unexpected) than that. Robert George, Professor of …Apr 26, 2018 · The new survey of the public’s views of democracy and the political system by Pew Research Center was conducted online Jan. 29-Feb. 13 among 4,656 adults. It was supplemented by a survey conducted March 7-14 among 1,466 adults on landlines and cellphones. Mixed views of structural changes in the political system. In today’s world, where environmental concerns are at the forefront of our minds, recycling plays a crucial role in reducing waste and conserving resources. One company that is lea...America is both a republic and a representative democracy. A republic is a democracy. Whether that's fake or genuine democracy, representative or direct, is another question. It's also important to point out that republicanism and constitutionalism are not the same. Israel is a republic, and yet like Britain does not have a codified ...America is an open society. Therefore, when major voices like Martin Wolf and Joseph Stiglitz describe America as having become a “plutocracy,” the logical result should have been a major public debate on whether this claim is true. Instead, the opposite happened. This comment by Martin Wolf was buried.Table of Contents. Latin America is generally understood to consist of the entire continent of South America in addition to Mexico, Central America, and the islands of the Caribbean whose inhabitants speak a Romance language. The peoples of this large area shared the experience of conquest and colonization by the Spaniards and Portuguese from ...The federal government of the United States ( U.S. federal government or U.S. government) [a] is the national government of the United States, a federal republic located primarily in North America, composed of 50 states, five major self-governing territories, several island possessions, and the federal district and national capital of ...The US is a Constitutional Republic, not a “democracy.” No American founding document, not the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, or the Constitution mentions “democracy”. This …JPMorgan raised its 2023 outlook for its net interest income from $81 billion to $84 billion. Jump to JPMorgan Chase expects to earn more in net interest income this year on the ba...America’s founding fathers intended the U.S. to be a Republic (elected officials vote on laws), rather than a Direct Democracy (everyone votes on laws). More specifically, the founders intended the U.S. to be a “mixed-republic” comprised of a union of states ( federalism ), each with a republican government, ruled by elected officials and ...Yes, it is. KVPR. Next Up: 8:00 PM Hidden Brain. All Streams. NPR News. Is America a democracy or a republic? Yes, it is. By Ron Elving. Published September 10, …note 1: world's third-largest country by size (after Russia and Canada) and by population (after China and India); Denali (Mt. McKinley) is the highest point (6,190 m) in North America and Death Valley the lowest point (-86 m) on the continent. note 2: the western coast of the United States and southern coast of Alaska lie along the Ring of ...Flair's new routes to the Dominican Republic will no doubt be welcomed by Canadians who are planning on escaping the cold this winter. We may be compensated when you click on produ...Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in Central America.It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico, to the northeast by Belize, to the east by Honduras, and to the southeast by El Salvador.It is …Jan 16, 2021 ... Perhaps the violent outburst on January 6 — and those still to come — will remind us of the wisdom that the Founders held dear centuries ago: We ...Apr 7, 2019 · A republic is a form of government in which the people’s elected representatives make decisions. ... A History of America's Most Embattled Profession.” ... The day began with a prepared speech from Franklin (PA) who, eighty-one years old and painfully afflicted with gout and kidney stone, was unable to read it himself and delegated that task to Wilson (PA). While the speech was formally addressed to Washington (VA), the Convention’s president, its purpose was to convince the three delegates who ...NPR News. Is America a democracy or a republic? Yes, it is. By Ron Elving. Published Sep 10, 2022 2:00 AM. Silhouettes of people are seen on an …The foundation of our American Government, its purpose, form and structure are found in the Constitution of the United States. The Constitution, written in 1787, is the "supreme law of the land" because no law may be passed that contradicts its principles. No person or government is exempt from following it. The Constitution establishes a federal …Democracy - WallBuilders. Republic v. Democracy. May 29, 2023. We have grown accustomed to hearing that we are a democracy; such was never the intent. The form of government entrusted to us by our Founders was a republic, not a democracy. 1 Our Founders had an opportunity to establish a democracy in America and chose not to.And when critics call this an attack on democracy, some election deniers respond by saying the U.S. is not a democracy, it is a republic. Robert Draper of The New York Times published a piece on Republicans who say this in August. He cited a GOP candidate for the Arizona state legislature, Selina Bliss, saying: "We are not a democracy. The United States is a republic, not a democracy, according to the historical and legal context of the founding of the country. Learn the nuance and difference between democracy and republic, and how they relate to the American Revolution and the Constitution. 23 hours ago · The United States is a country in North America that is a federal republic of 50 states. Besides the 48 conterminous states that occupy the middle latitudes of the continent, the United States includes the state of Alaska, at the northwestern extreme of North America, and the island state of Hawaii, in the mid-Pacific Ocean. Starting with the 2000 United States presidential election, the terms " red state " and " blue state " have referred to U.S. states whose voters vote predominantly for one party — the Republican Party in red states and the Democratic Party in blue states — in presidential and other statewide elections. [1] By contrast, states where the vote ...When they use the terms “republic” or “a republic” they usually mean a limited, constitutional, representative democracy like that of all the states. When they say “the republic” they usually refer to the national-level government, which they established as a limited, constitutional, federal, representative democracy.The United States is Both a Republic and a Democracy (i.e. a “Democratic Republic” or “Mixed Republic”) One way to phrase this is the United States of America …Technically, no. By definition, all republics are representative in some form, since "republic" means "rule by elected officials", and elected officials are representative of the people who elected them. To use the term "representative republic" is just redundant. While it was used in the past by at least one of the founding fathers of the United States …Mexico is a country on the continent of North America. It is officially known as the United Mexican States, because it is a federal republic, or a collection of states united under...In Mortal Republic, prize-winning historian Edward J. Watts offers a new history of the fall of the Roman Republic that explains why Rome exchanged freedom for autocracy. Historians are cautious ...Dec 28, 2023 ... "The Constitution is, and always should be, our lodestar; it is both America's stabilizing keel and its democratic inspiration," writes Breslin.That McConnell is likely to remain in control of the Senate is in itself a product of America’s flawed democracy. The composition of the chamber, with two senators assigned to each state no ...Nov 3, 2020 ... Over 2,000 years ago, the Republic on which America was modeled faced the same choice. The Donald Trump of his day, Julius Caesar, promised ...A republic may be extended over a large region.” ... endowed by their Creator” were declared in The Unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America (there is no historical document titled The Declaration of Independence as we will discuss in a future article). This would always safeguard the fundamental human rights of ...The U.S. Constitution is best understood not as a “social contract,” but as a popularly issued corporate charter. The earliest American colonies were literal corporations of the Crown and, like all corporations, were ruled by …A democracy is a system of governance in which the majority has its way. It is also known as the rule of the people or the system of the masses. Democracy allows the active participation of the public in the decision-making and political processes of the state directly or through elected representatives. A republic is a form of governance in ...Politically, America is – especially compared to other democracies in the world – a rather conservative place, preferring the private sector to the public sector in most activities and ...A constitutional republic is a form of government in which a representative is elected by the people to govern over them, according to the rules established in the law of the land. An example of a constitutional republic is the United States’ form of government. U.S. citizens elect a President, and other representatives, who then govern them ...October 19, 2020. You probably hear countries like the United States or France referred to as democracies. At the same time, you probably also hear both of these countries called …The government of the United States of America is a constitutional federal republic. It functions as a democracy and a republic because citizens elect individuals to represent them...GEOGRAPHY. The United States of America is the world's third largest country in size and nearly the third largest in terms of population. Located in North America, the country is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. Along the northern border is Canada and the southern border is Mexico. The United States is a constitutional federal republic, in which the president (the head of state and head of government ), Congress, and judiciary share powers reserved to the national government, and the federal government shares sovereignty with the state governments. The federal government is divided into three branches, as per the specific ... There is, it turns out, an easy answer at hand. While there is no precise end date to the Republic, there was a bright-line occurrence generally recognized as the irreversible beginning of the end ...Grammar & Usage Commonly Confused. Democracy or Republic: What's the difference? A case can be made for either. Is the United States a democracy or a republic? This is …And when critics call this an attack on democracy, some election deniers respond by saying the U.S. is not a democracy, it is a republic. Robert Draper of The New York Times published a piece on Republicans who say this in August. He cited a GOP candidate for the Arizona state legislature, Selina Bliss, saying: "We are not a democracy.Transcript. By 2040, 70% of Americans could be represented by just 30 Senators. And twice in the last two decades, a Republican president has lost the popular vote but won the White House. America ...note 1: world's third-largest country by size (after Russia and Canada) and by population (after China and India); Denali (Mt. McKinley) is the highest point (6,190 m) in North America and Death Valley the lowest point (-86 m) on the continent. note 2: the western coast of the United States and southern coast of Alaska lie along the Ring of ...Jan 14, 2024 ... America is a constitutional republic. Ayn Rand explains the difference between a republic and a democracy. Learn more about Rand's view of ...FRBK: Get the latest Republic First Bancorp stock price and detailed information including FRBK news, historical charts and realtime prices. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksThe American republic was founded on a set of beliefs that were tested during the Revolutionary War. Among them was the idea that all people are created equal, whether European, Native American, or African American, and that these people have fundamental rights, such as liberty, free speech, freedom of religion, due process of law, and freedom …In today’s fast-paced world, where waste management has become a pressing concern, it is crucial to have an effective recycling schedule in place. One such service provider that pl...v. t. e. This is a list of sovereign states by system of government. There is also a political mapping of the world that shows what form of government each country has, as well as a brief description of what each form of government entails. The list is colour-coded according to the type of government, for example: blue represents a republic ...In a July 2021 survey, 52% of Americans said that the U.S. is “one of the greatest countries in the world, along with some others,” and 23% said the U.S. “stands above all other countries in the world.”. Roughly a quarter (23%) said “there are other countries that are better than the U.S.”. Differences exist by age and party.Jan 16, 2021 ... Perhaps the violent outburst on January 6 — and those still to come — will remind us of the wisdom that the Founders held dear centuries ago: We ...A constitutional republic is a type of government in which the officials are elected by the people. The republic must govern according to the laws of the constitution, and its acti...The nature of a republic is that certain rights and principles are themselves protected, and a majority vote cannot change that. Also the us is a democratic republic. That's an accurate description. As we democratically elect our representatives Hence there is no contradiction in saying. "The US is a republic not a democracy" And sayingElection denialism has become not only a thing but a movement. And if critics call this an attack on democracy, some election …And when critics call this an attack on democracy, some election deniers respond by saying the U.S. is not a democracy, it is a republic. Robert Draper of The New York Times published a piece on Republicans who say this in August. He cited a GOP candidate for the Arizona state legislature, Selina Bliss, saying: "We are not a democracy.And when critics call this an attack on democracy, some election deniers respond by saying the U.S. is not a democracy, it is a republic. Robert Draper of The New York Times published a piece on Republicans who say this in August. He cited a GOP candidate for the Arizona state legislature, Selina Bliss, saying: "We are not a democracy.The US is a Constitutional Republic, not a “democracy.” No American founding document, not the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, or the Constitution mentions “democracy”. This …Are we a democracy or a republic? The conundrum is, well, as the common expression goes, "as old as the republic itself." But it's not just a question for scholars and semanticists any more. Since the election of 2020, supporters of former President Donald Trump have become notably more willing to assert their belief that voting in America is ...America is a democratic republic. It was designed to not be a true pure democracy. The constitution and its amendments specifically withhold things from the ability of the majority to take them away e.g. freedom of speech and free exercise of religion. Reply replyIs america a republic
The United States of America, commonly known as the United States or America, is a country primarily located in North America, between Canada and Mexico. It is a federation of 50 states, a federal capital district, and 326 Indian reservations. Outside the union of states, it asserts sovereignty over five major unincorporated island territories and various …There is, it turns out, an easy answer at hand. While there is no precise end date to the Republic, there was a bright-line occurrence generally recognized as the irreversible beginning of the end ...Sep 20, 2011 · September 20, 2011. A broadside version of Washington's Farewell Address, first published 215 years this week. Feedloader (Clickability) The dawn of American democracy didn’t come in 1776, with ... U.S. Government. While often categorized as a democracy, the United States is more accurately defined as a constitutional federal republic. What does this mean? “Constitutional” refers to the fact that government in the United States is based on a Constitution which is the supreme law of the United States. The Constitution not only …Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in Central America.It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico, to the northeast by Belize, to the east by Honduras, and to the southeast by El Salvador.It is …Jeffersonian democracy, named after its advocate Thomas Jefferson, was one of two dominant political outlooks and movements in the United States from the 1790s to the 1820s.The Jeffersonians were deeply committed to American republicanism, which meant opposition to what they considered to be artificial aristocracy, opposition to corruption, …The U.S. Constitution is best understood not as a “social contract,” but as a popularly issued corporate charter. The earliest American colonies were literal corporations of the Crown and, like all corporations, were ruled by …The United States has a complex government system. One important tenet of this system is democracy, in which the ultimate power rests with the people. In the case of the United States, that power is exercised indirectly, through elected representatives. Although the U.S. has been a strong proponent of democracy, it did not invent …Yes, it is. By Ron Elving. Published September 10, 2022 at 5:00 AM EDT. Evan Vucci. / AP. Silhouettes of people are seen on an American flag as President Joe …American democracy is representative in spirit and hence a kind of ‘republic’ – ‘re’: representing and ‘public’ – of the common man. This characteristic of the adopted democratic principles is very unlike those observed in self-appointed governments. The federal government shares sovereignty with the states, where the state ...If so, what does this mean for America’s future? Alan Dershowitz, Harvard Law School Professor Emeritus and author of ‘Get Trump,’ joins Glenn to explain why this latest move from the far-left is ‘destroying the rule of law in America.’. He explains the exact charges the left intends to pit against Trump this time around, and why ...CHICAGO, March 13, 2024 –The American Bar Association’s Task Force for American Democracy will hold the second in a series of listening tour events Friday, …I often hear people argue that the United States is a republic, not a democracy. But that’s a false dichotomy. A common definition of “republic” is, to quote the American Heritage Dictionary ...23 hours ago · The United States is a country in North America that is a federal republic of 50 states. Besides the 48 conterminous states that occupy the middle latitudes of the continent, the United States includes the state of Alaska, at the northwestern extreme of North America, and the island state of Hawaii, in the mid-Pacific Ocean. Democracy in the Early Republic. Today, most Americans think democracy is a good thing. We tend to assume the nation’s early political leaders believed the same. ... This import tax provided protection for northern manufacturing interests by raising the prices of European products in America. Southerners, however, blamed the tariff for a ...Writing in 2020 in The Atlantic, George Thomas, the Wohlford Professor of American Political Institutions at Claremont McKenna College, found "some truth to this insistence" on calling the U.S. a republic but added: "It is mostly disingenuous. The Constitution was meant to foster a complex form of majority rule, not enable minority rule."The Banana Republic Visa card earns solid rewards in the Gap family of stores. Here's how we buy clothes with what amounts to pocket change! Increased Offer! Hilton No Annual Fee 7...Early America’s foremost Renaissance man, Benjamin Franklin was a skilled author, printer, scientist, inventor and diplomat, despite a formal education that ended at age 10. When not designing ...To some degree, of course, the unresponsiveness of America’s political system is by design. The United States was founded as a republic, not a democracy.Apr 26, 2018 · The new survey of the public’s views of democracy and the political system by Pew Research Center was conducted online Jan. 29-Feb. 13 among 4,656 adults. It was supplemented by a survey conducted March 7-14 among 1,466 adults on landlines and cellphones. Mixed views of structural changes in the political system. That McConnell is likely to remain in control of the Senate is in itself a product of America’s flawed democracy. The composition of the chamber, with two senators assigned to each state no ...A democracy is a form of government in which the people have the authority to choose their governing officials. A republic is a form of government in which a group of people (the electorate) choose representatives to govern on their behalf. “A democracy is as really a republic as an oak a tree or a temple a building” – John Adams (2nd US ...The country is also party to the Dominican Republic-Central America-US Free Trade Agreement along with five other Central American countries. It also belongs to a number of international organizations as a sovereign including the World Trade Organization, the United Nation, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American …United States - Colonization, Revolution, Constitution: When Columbus arrived, he found the New World inhabited by peoples who in all likelihood had originally come from the continent of Asia. Probably these first inhabitants had arrived 20,000 to 35,000 years before in a series of migrations from Asia to North America by way of the Bering Strait.Defining American Values. The United States, unlike many other developed nations, lacks a national curriculum that defines what students should know. Each of the …Writing in 2020 in The Atlantic, George Thomas, the Wohlford Professor of American Political Institutions at Claremont McKenna College, found "some truth to this insistence" on calling the U.S. a republic but added: "It is mostly disingenuous. The Constitution was meant to foster a complex form of majority rule, not enable minority rule."October 19, 2020. You probably hear countries like the United States or France referred to as democracies. At the same time, you probably also hear both of these countries called …That McConnell is likely to remain in control of the Senate is in itself a product of America’s flawed democracy. The composition of the chamber, with two senators assigned to each state no ...Yes, it is. By Ron Elving. Published September 10, 2022 at 5:00 AM EDT. Evan Vucci. / AP. Silhouettes of people are seen on an American flag as President Joe …Officially: United States of America. Abbreviated: U.S. or U.S.A. Byname: America. Head Of State And Government: President: Joe Biden. Capital: Washington, …The United States of America is, arguably, both a republic and a democracy. Its government officially acts in the interests of the American people, and the vast majority of national political offices are filled through elections. However, it is also a Federal government: while the government of the United States has power over the entire ...On Thursday, Mr. Schumer, a Democrat from New York and the highest-ranking Jewish elected official in the United States, delivered a scathing speech on the Senate …America could be described as both a republic and a democracy in 1787; it can be so described today. UPDATE: Here is another excellent passage on the subject, from Akhil Amar’s America’s ...Mexico is a country on the continent of North America. It is officially known as the United Mexican States, because it is a federal republic, or a collection of states united under...In Latin America, Trump made clear through his adminstration’s “western hemisphere strategic framework” that the western hemisphere is “our neighbourhood”. ... Hungary, the Czech ...And when critics call this an attack on democracy, some election deniers respond by saying the U.S. is not a democracy, it is a republic. Robert Draper of The New York Times published a piece on Republicans who say this in August. He cited a GOP candidate for the Arizona state legislature, Selina Bliss, saying: "We are not a democracy.The USA was a republic for 169 years, from its founding in 1776, until the end of World War Two in 1945. The USA exerts military and economic and, therefore, political hegemony over much of the world, a …That McConnell is likely to remain in control of the Senate is in itself a product of America’s flawed democracy. The composition of the chamber, with two senators assigned to each state no ...At what point does President Donald Trump’s disregard for presidential norms and traditions become the overriding issue of his presidency? I would not be OK with his attempts to delegitimize our ...Defining American Values. The United States, unlike many other developed nations, lacks a national curriculum that defines what students should know. Each of the …The Dominican Republic, which shares the island of Hispaniola with Haiti, said that as late as Tuesday the U.S. had been seeking to have Henry make an …Sep 26, 2018 ... The United States of America is governed as a federal republic, and therefore some argue that the U.S. is not a democracy. A republic is ...The United States is not now and has never been a republic. It is a federation of states, each of which, in Article IV of the Constitution, is guaranteed a republican form of government. But a federation of republics is not itself a republic any more than the federation of nations in the United Nations, or in the European Union, is a nation.Apr 26, 2018 · The new survey of the public’s views of democracy and the political system by Pew Research Center was conducted online Jan. 29-Feb. 13 among 4,656 adults. It was supplemented by a survey conducted March 7-14 among 1,466 adults on landlines and cellphones. Mixed views of structural changes in the political system. We are both a republic (which can be called a democratic-republic because our President is elected), and a representative democracy.. We are a (democratic) republic because our head of state is elected. We are a representative democracy because the legislature acts (in theory) as the representative of their constituency. We are both because we have both a …Israeli public, does on its own, and we’re not a banana republic," Netanyahu said on CNN's "State of ... including some dozens of Americans, and is holding …The Dominican Republic is a key transit country for cocaine from South America transiting the Caribbean destined for North America and Europe. While the Dominican Republic had experienced robust economic growth over the past 25 years, the COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted the nation’s economy.Yes, it is. By Ron Elving. Published September 10, 2022 at 5:00 AM EDT. Evan Vucci. / AP. Silhouettes of people are seen on an American flag as President Joe …(1898) The first republic in America; an account of the orgin of this nation, written from the records theconcealed by the Council, rather than from histories ...The legal status of Texas is the standing of Texas as a political entity. While Texas has been part of various political entities throughout its history, including 10 years during 1836–1846 as the independent Republic of Texas, the current legal status is as a state of the United States of America. Due to Texas's unique history, United States ...The American republic was founded on a set of beliefs that were tested during the Revolutionary War. Among them was the idea that all people are created equal, whether European, Native American, or African American, and that these people have fundamental rights, such as liberty, free speech, freedom of religion, due process of law, and freedom …And when critics call this an attack on democracy, some election deniers respond by saying the U.S. is not a democracy, it is a republic. Robert Draper of The New York Times published a piece on Republicans who say this in August. He cited a GOP candidate for the Arizona state legislature, Selina Bliss, saying: "We are not a democracy.. Roof replacement estimate